History and Social Sciences Faculty Journal Articles

Experiential Learning in Washington, D.C.: A Study of Student Motivations and Expectations

Richard Holtzman — Tue, 06 Sep 2011 16:38:07 PDT

Review of J. S. Maloy's "The Colonial Origins of Modern Democratic Thought"

Richard Holtzman — Mon, 18 Oct 2010 15:12:12 PDT

Review of Steohen Skowronek's "Presidential Leadership in Political Time: Reprise and Reappraisal"

Richard Holtzman — Thu, 30 Sep 2010 19:29:19 PDT

The article reviews the book "Presidential Leadership in Political Time: Reprise and Reappraisal" by Stephen Skowronek.

Judicial Wars

Richard Holtzman — Thu, 30 Sep 2010 19:12:08 PDT

Privacy Rights

Richard Holtzman — Thu, 30 Sep 2010 19:10:45 PDT

Military Hero (Image in Campaigns)

Richard Holtzman — Wed, 29 Sep 2010 16:51:20 PDT

Voluntarism and Volunteering

Richard Holtzman — Wed, 29 Sep 2010 16:21:15 PDT

Adapting the One-Minute Paper for Active Learning

Richard Holtzman — Tue, 28 Sep 2010 18:25:19 PDT

Bush's Adventures in National Service Policy and Five Lessons for President Obama

Richard Holtzman — Sun, 26 Sep 2010 19:51:09 PDT

George W. Bush's Rhetoric of Compassionate Conservatism and Its Value as a Tool of Presidential Politics

Richard Holtzman — Sun, 26 Sep 2010 19:28:05 PDT

Application of Set Theory to a Class of Allocation Problems

Glen D. Camp — Tue, 31 Jul 2007 09:01:07 PDT

Set theory yields simple and easily visualized solutions of some types of allocation problems.

Literature to Turkey

Glen D. Camp — Tue, 31 Jul 2007 08:12:45 PDT

Large studies in engineering and science have been one of the products of the modernization program started in Turkey by Attaturk.

Enduring Authoritarianism: Middle East Lessons for Comparative Theory

Marsha Pripstein Posusney — Wed, 06 Sep 2006 18:41:25 PDT

Largely because the Middle East has defied global trends toward democratization, it has been marginalized in the field of comparative politics. The articles in this special issue argue that nondemocratic regimes like those in the Middle East can serve as counterexamples to enhance explanations of the factors that contribute to democratic transitions and that perpetuate authoritarian rule. The articles eschew cultural explanations and advance instead propositions that spotlight political-institutional variables, such as the rules governing party recognition, electoral competition, nongovernmental organizations, and military professionalization. They also emphasize the strategic choices made by incumbent authoritarian rulers and both religious and secular opposition challengers.

Reaching Across Boundaries: The Bryant College-Belarus Connection

Joseph A. Ilacqua et al. — Sun, 03 Sep 2006 11:45:03 PDT

Using the Internet’s sphere of influence, one small college is making an impact on the education of students in Belarus, a country that has achieved only limited structural reform since its independence from the former Soviet Union. Despite the country’s economic isolation from the West, Belarusian institutions are reaching across traditional boundaries to forge new collaborative relationships...

When Heroes Were Ubiquitous: Churchill and His Jerome Relations

Judy Barrett Litoff — Fri, 01 Sep 2006 08:44:09 PDT

In February 1945 at Yalta in the Crimea, Winston Churchill met with Franklin Roosevelt and Josef Stalin to plan for the postwar world...

American Women in a World at War

Judy Barrett Litoff et al. — Fri, 01 Sep 2006 07:44:18 PDT

Litoff and Smith discuss the role of American women during World War II. The war had a significant and far-reaching impact on the lives of women, giving them increased independence, confidence and power.

Why Patenting Information Technology and Business Methods is not Sound Policy: Lessons from History and Prophecies for the Future

Julia Alpert Gladstone — Thu, 31 Aug 2006 08:28:38 PDT

... The Internet infrastructure that fuels the transmission of data and has created a several billion-dollar e-commerce industry has developed at an unprecedented rate. ... The surge in applications for business method patents that can be applied on the Internet has been significant. ... Internet business method patent applications call upon two areas of patent law, namely algorithms and business methods, neither of which falls within the statutory definition of patents as defined under current United States patent law...

Multi-Party Elections in the Arab World: Institutional Engineering and Oppositional Strategies

Marsha Peipstein Posusney — Sun, 06 Aug 2006 13:03:02 PDT

Recent moves toward multi-party competition for elected legislatures in numerous Arab countries constitute a significant departure from earlier practices there, and create the basis for democratic activists to gradually chip away at persistent authoritarian rule. This article explores the institutional mechanisms by which incumbent authoritarian executives seek to engineer these elections. It documents examples of rulers changing electoral systems to ensure compliant legislatures, and demonstrates the prevalent use of winner-takes-all electoral systems, which generally work to the regimes' advantage. I then review various strategies of opposition forces--boycotts, non-competition agreements, election monitoring, and struggles over election rules--and the dilemmas that these entail. Surmounting differences in terms of ideologies, as well as short-term political goals and prospects, is a central challenge. The future should see greater electoral participation among opposition activists, along with cleaner elections. As vote coercion and ballot box stuffing is restricted by opposition pressures, electoral institutions will take on greater importance, and struggles for proportional representation are likely to increase.

Data Mines and Battlefields: Looking at Financial Aggregators to Understand the Legal Boundries and Ownership Rights in the Use of Personal Rights

Julia Alpert Gladstone — Sun, 06 Aug 2006 11:18:54 PDT

Financial Web aggregation is a service that allows the customer to view all data from various accounts including financial institutions, stockbrokers, airline frequent flyer and other reward programs. Financial Web aggregation services may be offered on a stand-alone basis but the trend is to offer them in conjunction with other financial services, most commonly bill payment. HyperText Markup Language (“HTML”) technology is used to obtain the account information, this is most often done without the permission of the provider. The alternative to HTML connection is direct feed aggregation…the aggregator requires the implementation of specific software, i.e. Open Financial Exchange software. This article examines two major federal statutes that will most influence the development of the financial aggregation service industry, namely the Electronic Fund Transfer Act(“EFTA”) and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLBA”). The personal information belongs to the consumer, and the consumer has a fundamental right to privacy in this data that is best protected when it is treated as a property right.

An Argument Against Business Method Patents Demonstrating That Algorithms Are Abstract and Business Methods Are Obvious

Julia Alpert Gladstone — Sun, 06 Aug 2006 08:01:34 PDT

In the United States, the Patent and Trademarks Office and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit are extending patent protection to the invention of new Internet business methods. The article argues that this discourages innovation and rewards existing monopolies. First, the article examines the leading case of Amazon.com v Barnes and noble.com Inc before considering the grounds on which the United States courts have concluded that business method software ought to be patentable. The author concludes that the courts have greatly expanded the concept of useful art to give protection to what are in fact abstract ideas. By doing so they have protected business methods in a way which the courts have refused to do in the past. Finally the author examines the nature of innovation on the internet, concluding that it is sequential, with each creator improving on the work of the previous product. Unlike other areas of innovation, there are not high development costs associated with this process. Hence, giving the inventor a monopoly through intellectual property rights is not needed to encourage innovation. The public has benefited from the weak protection given to intellectual property rights on the internet so that it is not in the public interest to strengthen that protection. Doing so will only give more power to software companies which are big enough to seek and enforce patent protection and will reduce rather than increase innovation.